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N. Bi'cani'c and D. Ponniah and J. Robinson. 2001. Chapter in Computational Modelling of Masonry, Brickwork and Blockwork Structures. Saxe-Coburg Publications.

Y. Cai. Numerical simulation od dynamic process of the Tangshan earthquake by a new method --- LDDA. 2000. Pure. appl. geophys., 157:2083-2104.

C. S. Chang. Nonlinear dynamic discontinuous deformation analysis with finite element meshed block system. 1994. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

G. Chen and Y. Ohnishi. Slope Stability Analysis using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Method. 1999. in Rock Mechanics for Industry, pages 535-541. Proceedings of the 37th U. S. Rock Mechanics Symposium.

W.-S. Chen and X.-G. Gu and X.-R. Ge. A new discrete element method and its application in engineering. 1994. in Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, pages 883-887. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics.

S. Chen and J. C. Chern and C. Y. Koo. Performance prediction of tunnel excavation in clean cobble-gravel deposits by DDA method. 1996. in Rock Mechanics: Tools and Techniques---Proceedings of the 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 2017.

Y. M. Cheng and Y. H. Zhang. Rigid body rotation and block internal discretization in DDA analysis. 2000. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 24:567-578.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. Time integration in discontinuous deformation analysis DDA. 2004. ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 130:249-258.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. Unified framework for discontinuous deformation analysis and the distinct element method. 2003. IJNME.

D. M. Doolin. Preliminary results unifying discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and the distinct element method (DEM). 2003. in Development and Application , pages 119-128. Balkema, Rotterdam.

D. M. Doolin. Mathmetical structure and numerical accuracy of discontinuous deformation analysis. 2002. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. Displacement accuracy of discontinuous deformation analysis method applied to sliding block. 2002. ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 128:1158-1168.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. Accuracy of the DDA method for frictionless impact. 2002. in Mining and Tunnelling Innovation and Opportunity, pages 1289-1296. North American Rock Mechanics Symposium--Tunneling Association of Canada. Balkema, Rotterdam, Toronto, Canada.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. DDAML --- Discontinuous deformation analysis markup language. 2001. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 38:467-474.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. Accuracy of the DDA method with respect to a single sliding block. 2001. in Rock Mechanics in the National Interest, proceedings of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 1429-1435. American Rock Mechanics Association. Balkema, Rotterdam, Washington D.C..

V. K. Garga and B-L. Wang. A Numerical method for modelling large displacements of jointed rocks. II. Modeling of rock bolts and groundwater and applications. 1993. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 30:109-123.

R. Hamajima and T. Suzuki and Y. Nakai and S. Han. Analysis for discontinuous medium considering elemental deformation. 1994. in Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, pages 821-826. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics.

Y. H. Hatzor and Y. Zaslavsky and A. A. Arzi and A. Shapira. Fully dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slopes using the DDA method: king Herod's palace, Masada. 2004. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 41:813-832.

Y. H. Hatzor and A. Feintuch. The validity of dynamic block displacement prediction using DDA. 2001. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 38:599-606.

Y. H. Hatzor. Dynamic rock slope stability analysis at Masada National Monument using Block Theory and DDA. 1999. in Proceedings of 37th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 63-70. Balkema, Rotterdam.

Y. H. Hatzor and R. Benary. The Stability of a Laminated Voussoir Beam: Back Analysis of a Historic Roof Collpse Using DDA. 1998. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 35:165-181.

L. B. Hilbert, Jr. and W. Yi and N. G. W. Cook and Y. Cai and G.-P. Liang. A new discontinuous finite element method for interaction of many deformable bodies in geomechanics. 1994. in Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, pages 831-836. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics.

L. B. Hilbert. Substructuring and Domain decomposition Techniques for Analysis of Discontinuous Media. 1995. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

S. M. Hsiung and G.-H. Shi. Simulation of earthquake effects on underground excavations using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA). 2001. in Rock Mechanics in the National Interest, proceedings of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 1413-1420. American Rock Mechanics Association. Balkema, Rotterdam, Washington D.C..

S. M. Hsiung. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) with nth order polynomial displacement functions. 2001. in Rock Mechanics in the National Interest, proceedings of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 1437-1444. American Rock Mechanics Association. Balkema, Rotterdam, Washington D.C..

T.-K. Huang. Mechanical behavior of interconnected concrete-block retaining wall. 1997. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 123:197-203.

Q. H. Jiang and M. R. Yeung. A Model of Point-to-Face Contact for Three-Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. 2003. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.

L. Jing and Y. Ma and Z. Fang. Modeling of fluid flow and solid deformation for fractured rocks with discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method. 2001. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 38:343-355.

L. Jing. Block System construction for three-dimensional discrete element models of fractured rocks. 2000. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 37:645-659.

L. Jing. Formulation of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA)---an implicit discrete element model for block systems. 1998. Engineering Geology, 49:371-381.

D. A. Horner and J. F. Peters and A. Carillo. Large Scale Discrete Element Modeling of Vehicle-Soil Interaction. 2001. ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, pages 1027-1032.

M. Jurasius. Rock slope kinematics of the Mission Peak landslide, Fremont, California. 2002. Master's thesis, San Jose State University.

T.-C. Ke and J. Bray. Modeling of Particulate Media Using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. 1995. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 121:1234-1243.

T-C. Ke and J-H. Tang. Modeling of solid-fluid interactions using the manifold method. 1996. in Rock Mechanics Tools and Techniques, pages 1815-1822. 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium.

T. C. Ke. Simulated testing of two-dimensional heterogeneous and discontinuous rock masses using discontinuous deformation analysis. 1993. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

Y.-I. Kim and B. Amadei and E. Pan. Modeling the effect of water, excavation sequence and rock reinforcement with discontinuous deformation analysis. 1999. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 36:949-970.

Y. I. Kim and B. Amadei and E. Pan. Modeling the Effect of geology on uplift in concrete gravity dam foundations. 1999. in Rock Mechanics for Industry, pages 527-534. Proceedings of the 37th U. S. Rock Mechanics Symposium.

D. S. Kieffer. Rock Slumping: a compound failure mode of jointed hard rock slopes. 1998. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, California.

C. Y. Koo and J. C. Chern. Modification of the DDA Method for Rigid Block Problems. 1998. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 35:683-693.

H. K. Law and I. P. Lam. Evaluation of seismic perfomance for tunnel retrofit project. 2003. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129:575-589.

C. T. Lin and B. Amadei and S. Sture. Using an Augmented Lagrangian Method and block fracturing in the DDA method. 1994. in Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, pages 837-842. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics.

C. T. Lin and B. Amadei and J. Jung and J. Dwyer. Extensions of Discontinuous Deformation Analysis for Jointed Rock Masses. 1996. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 33:671-694.

Y. Ohnishi et al. Modifications of the DDA for Elastoplastic Analysis with Illustrative Generic Problems. 1995. in Proceedings of the 35th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Reno, Nevada, pages 45-50. Balkema, Rotterdam.

M. M. MacLaughlin and N. Sitar and D. M. Doolin and T. Abbot. Investigation of slope stability kinematics using discontinuous deformation analysis. 2001. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 38:753-762.

M. M. MacLaughlin. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis of the Kinematics of Landslides. 1997. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

M. M. MacLaughlin and N. Sitar. Kinematics of sliding on a hinged failure surface. 1996. in Rock Mechanics Tools and Techniques, pages 2025-2030. 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium.

M. M. MacLaughlin and N. Sitar and T. S. Dobson. Slope Stability Evaluation Using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. 1995. in Proceedings of the 31st Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Engineering, pages 144-156. Logan, Utah.

M. M. MacLaughlin and N. Sitar. DDA for Windows: Discontinuous Deformation Analysis for the Windows PC Environment. 1995. Geotechnical Engineering Report No. UCB$/$GT$/$95-04, University of California, Berkeley, California. (urlhttp://www.ce.berkeley.edu/Programs/Geotech/DDA)

A. T. McBride and F. Scheele. Validation of Discontinuous Deformation Analysis using a Physical Model. 2001. in Proceedings of Structural Engineering and Mechanics Conference, pages 719-726. Cape Town, South Africa.

A. T. McBride. An investigation of Discontinuous De- formation Analysis. 2000. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town.

I. H. P. Mamaghani and S. Baba and "O. Aydan and Y. Shimizu. Discrete finite element method for blocky systems. 1994. in Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, pages 843-850. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics.

Y. Ohnishi and K. Yamamukai. Application of DDA in Rockfall Analysis. 1996. in Rock Mechanics: Tools and Techniques---Proceedings of the 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 2031.

G. Rein Soto-Yarritu. Simulaci'on num'erica de material granular mediante el M'etodo de las Deformaciones Discontinuas. 2001. Ph. D. thesis, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid.

T. Sasaki and D. Ishii and Y. Ohnishi and R. Yoshinaka. Stability analysis of jointed rock foundations by DDA. 1995. in Rock Foundation Workshop, ISRM 8th International Conference, pages 337-342.

T. Sasaki and Y. Ohnishi and R. Yoshinaka. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis and its Application to Rock Mechanics Problems. 1994. in Proc. JSCE., pages 493/III-27: 11-20.

G.-H. Shi. Three dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. 2001. in Rock Mechanics in the National Interest, proceedings of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 1421-1428. American Rock Mechanics Association. Balkema, Rotterdam, Washington D.C..

G.-H. Shi. Discontinuous deformation analysis of block systems. 1996. Technical Report, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180.

G-H. Shi. Working Forum on the Manifold Method of Material Analysis. 1995. Technical Report, US Army Corps of Engineers, US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.

G-H. Shi. Block System Modeling by Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. 1993. Computation Mechanics Publications, Southampton, UK.

G-H. Shi. Modeling Rock Blocks by Manifold Method. 1992. in Rock Mechanics, pages 639-648. Proceedings of the 33rd U. S. Symposium.

G.-H. Shi. Forward and Backward discontinuous deformation analysis of rock block systems. 1990. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Rock Joints, Loen, Norway, pages 731-743. ISRM. Balkema, Rotterdam.

G-H. Shi. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis---A New Model for the Statics and Dynamics of Block Systems. 1988. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

G.-H. Shi and R. E. Goodman. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis---A new method for computing stress, strain and sliding of block systems. 1988. in Key Questions in Rock Mechanics: Proceeding of the 29th U. S. Symposium, pages 381-393.

G. H. Shi and R. Goodman and J. Tinucci. The kinematics of block inter-penetrations. 1985. in Research & Engineering Applications in Rock Masses, pages 121-130. 26th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics.

G-H. Shi and R. E. Goodman. Two Dimensional Discotinuous Deformation Analysis. 1985. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 9:541-556.

G.-H. Shi and R. E. Goodman. Stability Analysis of Infinite Block Systems Using Block Theory. 1985. Unpublished. (Presented July 23, 1985 at the John Bray Colloquium, Imperial College, UK)

G.-H. Shi and R. E. Goodman and J. P. Tinucci. Application of block theory to simulated joint trace maps. 1985. in Proceedings of the International symposium on Fundamentals of Rock Joints, pages 367-?. ???.

G-H. Shi and R. E. Goodman. Discontinuous deformation analysis. 1984. in Proceedings, 25th U. S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, pages 269-277.

G. H. Shi. Keyblock bolting. 1983. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Rock Bolting. Abisko.

G.-H. Shi. Direct-Iterative Solution of Ill-Conditioned Finite Element Matrices. 1982. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 18:181-194.

G.-H. Shi. On the Least Number of Fixed Points for Infinite Complexes. 1982. Pacific Journal of Mathematics, 103:377-387.

G.-H. Shi. A geometric method of stability analysis of rock mass. 1978. Technical Report, Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Scientific Research Institute, Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Academica Sinica, The People's Republic of China.

N. Sitar and M. MacLaughlin. Kinematics and Discontinuous Deformation Analysis of Landslide Movement (Invited keynote lecture in Session on Mass Movement). 1997. in Proceedings of the 2nd Panamerican Symposium on Landslides, pages 65-73. Rio de Janiero, Brazil.

P. A. Thomas and J. D. Bray. Capturing Nonspherical shape of Granular Media with Disk Clusters. 1999. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125:169-178.

R.-J. Tsay and Y.-J. Chiou and W.-L. Chuang. Crack Growth Prediction by Manifold Method. 1999. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 125:884-890.

M. Tsesarsky and Y. H. Hatzor and Sitar N. Dynamic displacement of a block on an inclined plane: analytical, experimental, and DDA results. In press. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.

B-L. Wang. Deformable block modelling of jointed rocks with the Block-Spring model. 1996. in Rock Mechanics Tools and Techniques, pages 1845-1850. 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium.

B-L. Wang and V. K. Garga. A Numerical method for modelling large displacements of jointed rocks. I. Fundamentals. 1993. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 30:96-108.

J. Wartman. Physical model studies of seisically induced deformation in slopes. 1999. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, California.

T. Yamamoto and H. L. Konig and H. Sellmejjer and E. V. Hijum. On the response of a poro-elastic bed to water waves. 1978. Journal of fluid mechanics, 87:193-206.

M. R. Yeung and Q. H. Jiang and N. Sun. Validation of block theory and three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis as wedge stability analysis methods. 2003. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 40:265-275.

M. R. Yeung and N. Sun and Q. H. Jiang. Physical modeling and three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis of wedge failure. 2003. in Soil and Rock America.

M. R. Yeung and S. C. Blair. DDA back analysis of large block test data. 2000. in Proceedings of Pacific Rocks, the 4th North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, Seattle, WA, pages 937-944. Balkema, Rotterdam.

M. R. Yeung. Analysis of a Mine Roof using DDA. 1993. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr..

M. R. Yeung and R. E. Goodman. Multi-block stability analysis using the DDA method. 1992. in Proceedings of the Conference on Fractured and Jointed Rock Masses, Lake Tahoe, CA, pages 701-707. Balkema, Rotterdam.

M-C. R. Yeung. Application of Shi's Discontinuous Deformation Analysis to the Study of Rock Behavior. 1991. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

N. Bi'cani'c and D. Ponniah and J. Robinson. 2001. Chapter in Computational Modelling of Masonry, Brickwork and Blockwork Structures. Saxe-Coburg Publications.

Y. Cai. Numerical simulation od dynamic process of the Tangshan earthquake by a new method --- LDDA. 2000. Pure. appl. geophys., 157:2083-2104.

C. S. Chang. Nonlinear dynamic discontinuous deformation analysis with finite element meshed block system. 1994. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

G. Chen and Y. Ohnishi. Slope Stability Analysis using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Method. 1999. in Rock Mechanics for Industry, pages 535-541. Proceedings of the 37th U. S. Rock Mechanics Symposium.

W.-S. Chen and X.-G. Gu and X.-R. Ge. A new discrete element method and its application in engineering. 1994. in Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, pages 883-887. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics.

S. Chen and J. C. Chern and C. Y. Koo. Performance prediction of tunnel excavation in clean cobble-gravel deposits by DDA method. 1996. in Rock Mechanics: Tools and Techniques---Proceedings of the 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 2017.

Y. M. Cheng and Y. H. Zhang. Rigid body rotation and block internal discretization in DDA analysis. 2000. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 24:567-578.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. Time integration in discontinuous deformation analysis DDA. 2004. ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 130:249-258.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. Unified framework for discontinuous deformation analysis and the distinct element method. 2003. IJNME.

D. M. Doolin. Preliminary results unifying discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and the distinct element method (DEM). 2003. in Development and Application , pages 119-128. Balkema, Rotterdam.

D. M. Doolin. Mathmetical structure and numerical accuracy of discontinuous deformation analysis. 2002. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. Displacement accuracy of discontinuous deformation analysis method applied to sliding block. 2002. ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 128:1158-1168.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. Accuracy of the DDA method for frictionless impact. 2002. in Mining and Tunnelling Innovation and Opportunity, pages 1289-1296. North American Rock Mechanics Symposium--Tunneling Association of Canada. Balkema, Rotterdam, Toronto, Canada.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. DDAML --- Discontinuous deformation analysis markup language. 2001. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 38:467-474.

D. M. Doolin and N. Sitar. Accuracy of the DDA method with respect to a single sliding block. 2001. in Rock Mechanics in the National Interest, proceedings of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 1429-1435. American Rock Mechanics Association. Balkema, Rotterdam, Washington D.C..

M. Moosavi, R. Grayeli. A model for cable bolt-rock mass interaction: Integration with discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) algorithm. 2006. Int. J. Rock Mech. & Min. Sci., 43:661-670.

V. K. Garga and B-L. Wang. A Numerical method for modelling large displacements of jointed rocks. II. Modeling of rock bolts and groundwater and applications. 1993. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 30:109-123.

R. Hamajima and T. Suzuki and Y. Nakai and S. Han. Analysis for discontinuous medium considering elemental deformation. 1994. in Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, pages 821-826. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics.

Y. H. Hatzor and Y. Zaslavsky and A. A. Arzi and A. Shapira. Fully dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slopes using the DDA method: king Herod's palace, Masada. 2004. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 41:813-832.

Y. H. Hatzor and A. Feintuch. The validity of dynamic block displacement prediction using DDA. 2001. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 38:599-606.

Y. H. Hatzor. Dynamic rock slope stability analysis at Masada National Monument using Block Theory and DDA. 1999. in Proceedings of 37th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 63-70. Balkema, Rotterdam.

Y. H. Hatzor and R. Benary. The Stability of a Laminated Voussoir Beam: Back Analysis of a Historic Roof Collpse Using DDA. 1998. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 35:165-181.

L. B. Hilbert, Jr. and W. Yi and N. G. W. Cook and Y. Cai and G.-P. Liang. A new discontinuous finite element method for interaction of many deformable bodies in geomechanics. 1994. in Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, pages 831-836. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics.

L. B. Hilbert. Substructuring and Domain decomposition Techniques for Analysis of Discontinuous Media. 1995. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

S. M. Hsiung and G.-H. Shi. Simulation of earthquake effects on underground excavations using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA). 2001. in Rock Mechanics in the National Interest, proceedings of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 1413-1420. American Rock Mechanics Association. Balkema, Rotterdam, Washington D.C..

S. M. Hsiung. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) with nth order polynomial displacement functions. 2001. in Rock Mechanics in the National Interest, proceedings of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 1437-1444. American Rock Mechanics Association. Balkema, Rotterdam, Washington D.C..

T.-K. Huang. Mechanical behavior of interconnected concrete-block retaining wall. 1997. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 123:197-203.

Q. H. Jiang and M. R. Yeung. A Model of Point-to-Face Contact for Three-Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. 2003. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.

L. Jing and Y. Ma and Z. Fang. Modeling of fluid flow and solid deformation for fractured rocks with discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method. 2001. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 38:343-355.

L. Jing. Block System construction for three-dimensional discrete element models of fractured rocks. 2000. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 37:645-659.

L. Jing. Formulation of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA)---an implicit discrete element model for block systems. 1998. Engineering Geology, 49:371-381.

D. A. Horner and J. F. Peters and A. Carillo. Large Scale Discrete Element Modeling of Vehicle-Soil Interaction. 2001. ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, pages 1027-1032.

M. Jurasius. Rock slope kinematics of the Mission Peak landslide, Fremont, California. 2002. Master's thesis, San Jose State University.

T.-C. Ke and J. Bray. Modeling of Particulate Media Using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. 1995. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 121:1234-1243.

T-C. Ke and J-H. Tang. Modeling of solid-fluid interactions using the manifold method. 1996. in Rock Mechanics Tools and Techniques, pages 1815-1822. 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium.

T. C. Ke. Simulated testing of two-dimensional heterogeneous and discontinuous rock masses using discontinuous deformation analysis. 1993. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

Y.-I. Kim and B. Amadei and E. Pan. Modeling the effect of water, excavation sequence and rock reinforcement with discontinuous deformation analysis. 1999. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 36:949-970.

Y. I. Kim and B. Amadei and E. Pan. Modeling the Effect of geology on uplift in concrete gravity dam foundations. 1999. in Rock Mechanics for Industry, pages 527-534. Proceedings of the 37th U. S. Rock Mechanics Symposium.

D. S. Kieffer. Rock Slumping: a compound failure mode of jointed hard rock slopes. 1998. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, California.

C. Y. Koo and J. C. Chern. Modification of the DDA Method for Rigid Block Problems. 1998. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 35:683-693.

H. K. Law and I. P. Lam. Evaluation of seismic perfomance for tunnel retrofit project. 2003. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129:575-589.

C. T. Lin and B. Amadei and S. Sture. Using an Augmented Lagrangian Method and block fracturing in the DDA method. 1994. in Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, pages 837-842. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics.

C. T. Lin and B. Amadei and J. Jung and J. Dwyer. Extensions of Discontinuous Deformation Analysis for Jointed Rock Masses. 1996. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 33:671-694.

Y. Ohnishi et al. Modifications of the DDA for Elastoplastic Analysis with Illustrative Generic Problems. 1995. in Proceedings of the 35th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Reno, Nevada, pages 45-50. Balkema, Rotterdam.

M. M. MacLaughlin and N. Sitar and D. M. Doolin and T. Abbot. Investigation of slope stability kinematics using discontinuous deformation analysis. 2001. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. \& Geomech. Abstr., 38:753-762.

M. M. MacLaughlin. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis of the Kinematics of Landslides. 1997. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

M. M. MacLaughlin and N. Sitar. Kinematics of sliding on a hinged failure surface. 1996. in Rock Mechanics Tools and Techniques, pages 2025-2030. 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium.

M. M. MacLaughlin and N. Sitar and T. S. Dobson. Slope Stability Evaluation Using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. 1995. in Proceedings of the 31st Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Engineering, pages 144-156. Logan, Utah.

M. M. MacLaughlin and N. Sitar. DDA for Windows: Discontinuous Deformation Analysis for the Windows PC Environment. 1995. Geotechnical Engineering Report No. UCB$/$GT$/$95-04, University of California, Berkeley, California. (urlhttp://www.ce.berkeley.edu/Programs/Geotech/DDA)

A. T. McBride and F. Scheele. Validation of Discontinuous Deformation Analysis using a Physical Model. 2001. in Proceedings of Structural Engineering and Mechanics Conference, pages 719-726. Cape Town, South Africa.

A. T. McBride. An investigation of Discontinuous De- formation Analysis. 2000. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town.

I. H. P. Mamaghani and S. Baba and "O. Aydan and Y. Shimizu. Discrete finite element method for blocky systems. 1994. in Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, pages 843-850. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics.

Y. Ohnishi and K. Yamamukai. Application of DDA in Rockfall Analysis. 1996. in Rock Mechanics: Tools and Techniques---Proceedings of the 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 2031.

G. Rein Soto-Yarritu. Simulaci'on num'erica de material granular mediante el M'etodo de las Deformaciones Discontinuas. 2001. Ph. D. thesis, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid.

T. Sasaki and D. Ishii and Y. Ohnishi and R. Yoshinaka. Stability analysis of jointed rock foundations by DDA. 1995. in Rock Foundation Workshop, ISRM 8th International Conference, pages 337-342.

T. Sasaki and Y. Ohnishi and R. Yoshinaka. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis and its Application to Rock Mechanics Problems. 1994. in Proc. JSCE., pages 493/III-27: 11-20.

G.-H. Shi. Three dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. 2001. in Rock Mechanics in the National Interest, proceedings of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, pages 1421-1428. American Rock Mechanics Association. Balkema, Rotterdam, Washington D.C..

G.-H. Shi. Discontinuous deformation analysis of block systems. 1996. Technical Report, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180.

G-H. Shi. Working Forum on the Manifold Method of Material Analysis. 1995. Technical Report, US Army Corps of Engineers, US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.

G-H. Shi. Block System Modeling by Discontinuous Deformation Analysis. 1993. Computation Mechanics Publications, Southampton, UK.

G-H. Shi. Modeling Rock Blocks by Manifold Method. 1992. in Rock Mechanics, pages 639-648. Proceedings of the 33rd U. S. Symposium.

G.-H. Shi. Forward and Backward discontinuous deformation analysis of rock block systems. 1990. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Rock Joints, Loen, Norway, pages 731-743. ISRM. Balkema, Rotterdam.

G-H. Shi. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis---A New Model for the Statics and Dynamics of Block Systems. 1988. Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

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Y. Cai and G-P. Liang and G-H. Shi and N. G. W. Cook. Studying an impact problem by using LDDA method. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 288-294. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

C.-T. Chang and P. J. M. Monteiro. Reassessment of the St. Francis Dam failure using finite element meshed discontinuous deformation analysis. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 295-301. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

G. Chen and S. Miki and Y. Ohnishi. Practical improvements on DDA. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 302-309. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

W. Chen and X. Ge and X. Gu and D. Geng. Hybrid method for discontinuous analysis of rigif model and algorithm discussion. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 488-494. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

C. S. Desai. Disturbed state concept for modelling solids and discontinuities. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 31-43. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

X. Dong and A. Wu and F. Ren. A preliminary application of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) to the Three Gorges Dam project. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 310-317. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

H. Hazarika and H. Matsuzawa. Earth pressure analysis considering the stress discontinuity in the backfill. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 495-502. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

R. A. Johnson and J. D. Bosman. Realistic simulation of cave mining using distinct element procedures. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 503-511. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

T.-C. Ke. The issue of rigid body rotation in DDA. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 318-325. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

T. C. Ke. Artifical joint based DDA. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 326-333. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

T. C. Ke. Application of DDA to stability analysis of rock masses. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 334-341. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

C. Y. Koo and J. C. Chern. The development of DDA with third order displacement function. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 342-349. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

G-P. Liang and C-G. Wang. LDDA on High-speed catenary-pantograph systems. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 350-356. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

C. Lin. Numerical analysis of the effectiveness of roof truss in roadway. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 511-517. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

H. C. Lin and T. X. Tran and R. B. Nelson. Comparison of two different 2D algorithms for analyzing frictional block structures. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 357-364. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

J. S. Lin and D.-H. Lee. Manifold method using polynomial basis function of any order. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 365-372. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

L. Liu. Modeling aseismic fault slips and block deformation in northern china by DDA. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 373-382. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

M. Y. Ma and M. Zaman and J. H. Zhou. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis using the third-order displacement function. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 383-394. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

M. M. MacLaughlin and N. Sitar. Rigid body rotations in DDA. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 620-636. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

A. Munjiza. Combined finite-discrete element models for blasting and mining operations. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 511-517. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

A. Munjiza and M. Schonauer and G. J. Huang. Predictive modelling of mechanical contact with friction using discrete elements. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 518-524. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

Y. Ohnishi and S. Miki. Development of circular and elliptic disc elements for DDA. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 44-51. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

J. M. Pei and Z. H. Lu. An application of DDA to a jointed rock slope. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 395-400. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

J. M. Pei. The effects of energy loss in block bumping on discontinuous deformation. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 401-406. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

N. Petrinic and D. R. J. Owen and A. Munjiza and N. Bicanic. Predictive modelling of the failure and repair of masonry structures with granular backfill. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

X. Qui. Manifold method without use of penalty springs. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 407-414. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

S. Ramakrishnan and M. Budhu and G. Frantziskonis. Deformation and failure of granular material --- a lattice type model. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 543-550. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

M. R. Salami and A. Shahbazi and M. Zaman and M. Zargham. Determining contact stresses on potatos stored in bulk bins by using discontinuous deformation analysis. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 415-431. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

T. Sasaki and S. Morikawa and D. Ishii and Y. Ohnishi and R. Yoshinaka. Comparison with DDA and FEM by Jointed Rock Foundation models. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 432-439. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

A. K. Sengupta and A. Belarbi. Average stress-strain relationships of rebars in cracked RC panels. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 551-558. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

G. H. Shi. Manifold method. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 52-204. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

G. H. Shi. Simplex integration for manifold method, FEM, DDA and analytical solutions. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 205-262. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

K. K. Shyu and M. R. Salami. Stability of Bartlett Dam. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 440-445. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

K. K. Shyu and M. R. Salami and A. Shahbazi. Numerical modeling of deformable particles. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 446-453. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

J. Singh and D. W. Airey and J. R. Booker and J. P. Carter. Model studies of the bearing capacity of an orthogonally jointed medium. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 559-566. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

P. A. Thomas and J. D. Bray and T-C. Ke. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis for Soil Mechanics. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 454-461. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

T. X. Tran and R. B. Nelson. Analysis of disjoint 2D particle assemblies. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 567-577. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

J. Vacek and E. Westman. Experimental study of rock mass decomposition during slip. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 578-585. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

C.-Y. Wang and C.-C. Chuang and J. Sheng. Time integration theories for the DDA method with finite element meshes. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 263-287. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

M. R. Yeung. Analysis of three-hinged beam using DDA. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 462-469. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

M. Zaman and I. Houssamy and M. R. Salami. Nonlinear analysis of underreamed shafts. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 586-595. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

S. Zhao and M. Reza Salami and M. S. Rahman. Simulation of rock toppling failure using discontinuous deformation analysis. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 470-479. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

X.-T. Zheng and X. Liu. Analytical Model on the Contact Problem of Plane Elastic Blocks. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 596-603. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

X. T. Zheng and X. Liu. Analytical model on the contact problem of plane elastic blocks. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 596-603. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

X. T. Zheng and X. Liu. The static and dynamic solution of 2D block systems. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 604-611. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

X. T. Zheng and X. Liu. A parallel computing practice in block theory. 1996. in Proceedings of the First International forum on Discontinuous Deformation analysis DDA and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, Berkeley, CA, pages 612-619. TSI Press, Albuquerque, NM.

ICADD 1

C. S. Chang. Recent advances in granular mechanics. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 298-310. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

C.-T. Chang. Nonlinear dynamic discontinuous deformation analysis with finite element mesh in each block. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 395-419. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

S. Chen and J. C. Chern and C. Y. Koo. Study on performance of tunnel near slope by DDA. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 109-123. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

Y.-J. Chiou and J.-C. Tzeng and M.-J. Lin. Discontinuous deformation analysis for masonry structures. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 288-297. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

A.-B. Huang and M.-C. Hsiao and Y.-C. Lu. DDA simulation of a graded particle assembly under shear. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 360-372. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

T.-K. Huang. The discontinuous deformation analysis of ``H'' block retaining wall. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 274-287. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

L. R. Jing. A 3D constitutive model for rock joints and and DEM analysis. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 311-325. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

T. C. ke. DDA combined with artificial joints concept. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 124-139. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

T.-C. Ke. Modification of DDA with respect to rigid body rotation. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 260-273. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

C. Y. Koo and J. C. Chern and S. Chen. Development of second order displacement function for DDA. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 91-108. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

C.-L. Liao and D.-H. Yang. Nonlinear upper bound and lower bound analysis model for granular mechanics. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 326-336. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

C. T. Lin and B. Amadei and S. Ouyang and C. Huang. Development of fracturing algorithms for jointed rock masses with discontinuous deformation analysis. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 64-90. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

D. Lin. Discontinuous modeling and rock mass instability problems. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 48-63. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

J. S. Lin. Continuous and discontinuous analysis using the manifold method. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 223-241. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

A. Munjiza and D. J. R. Owen and G. J. Huang. Modeling aspects of discrete/finite element technology in continuum and fracture. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 164-186. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

Y. Ohnishi and G. Chen and S. Miki. Recent development of DDA in rock mechanics. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 26-47. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

G. H. Shi. Simplex integration for manifold method and discontinuous deformation analysis. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 1-25. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

G. H. Shi. Numerical manifold method. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 187-222. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

K. K. Shyu and R. Salami. Nodal-based discontinuous deformation analysis with four node isoparametric finite element mesh. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 373-394. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

E. C. Ting and Y.-K. Wang and A. Pan. Algorithm for the transition from continuous to discontinuous and free bodies in finite element failure analysis. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 140-163. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

F. Tsai. Formulation and solution scheme of the nonlinear contact problem in the DDA method. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 242-259. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

J. S. Tsai and W. C. Wang. Dynamic responses of sliding structure subject to seismic excitation. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 420-432. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

C.-Y. Wang and J. Sheng and M.-H. Chen. Dynamic-contact analysis scheme applied in the DDA method. 1995. in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 433-459. National Central University. Chungli, Taiwan ROC.

ICADD 2

B. Amadei and J. L. Wibowo. Applicability of existing models to predict the behavior of rock joints under different boundary conditions. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 36-106. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

T. Asano and M. Nishimura and H. Masui and S. Kameda. Analysis of earth pressure in trap door test by the distinct element method. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 343-350. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

G. Chen and Y. Ohnishi and T. Ito. Development of high order manifold method. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 132-154. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

M. H. Chen and C.-Y. Wang and J. Shen. Static contact problems of discrete systems solved by the diffuse element method. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 323-342. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

H. Chikahisa and K. Kobayashi and K. Matsumoto and M. Tsutsui and Y. Ohnishi. Geological survey for DDA and its application to a large rock cavern. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 263-273. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

Y.-J. Chiou and Q. Yang and X. Kuo. Crack propogation using manifold method. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 298-308. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

X. Deng. Dynamic deformation and stress field analysis of fault. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 211-217. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

T. Esaki and S. Du and Y. Jiang and Y. Wada and J. Sun. Effect of asperity damage on the shear behavior of irregular rock joints. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 459-464. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

T. Fujikawa and T. Aoki and T. Hirokawa. Research and development of a new device for discontinuities site-survey. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 465-471. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

M. Hakuno. Simulation of 3-D concrete-frame collapse due to dynamic loading. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 125-131. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

T. Ishikawa and Y. Ohnishi and A. Namura. DDA applied to deformation analysis of coarse granular materials (ballast). 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 253-262. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

T.-C. Ke. Application of DDA to simulate fracture propogation in solid. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 155-185. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

H. Kinashi and S. Amano. Numerical study on support effects of cable bolt in discontinuous rock mass. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 351-358. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

H. Kitoh and N. Takeuchi and M. Ueda and H. Higuchi and A. Kambayashi and M. Tomida. Size effect analysis of plain concrete beams by using RBSM. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 373-382. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

C.-Y. Koo and J. C. Chern. Modeling of progressive fracture in jointed rock by DDA method. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 186-201. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

M. Kosugi and Y. Onodera and A. Tamai and W. Wang. Characterization and behavior evaluation of jointed rock mass in tunneling. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 472-480. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

J.-S. Lin and S. Chen. Soil slope stability analysis using DDA. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 238-244. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

J.-S. Lin and R. Al-Zahrani and A. Munjiza and D.-H. Lee. Large displacement and finite strain DDA: an implementation and physical verification. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 245-252. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

A. Munjiza and G. J. Huang and J.-S. Lin. Combined finite/discrete element method --- improved contact solutions. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 365-372. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

H. Ohtsubo and K. Suzuki and K. Terada and K. Nakanashi. Utilization of finite covers in the manifold method for accuracy control. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 317-322. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

T. Sasaki and S. Morikawa and D. Ishii and Y. Ohnishi. Elastic-plastic analysis of jointed rock models by manifold method. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 309-316. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

G. H. Shi. Numerical manifold method. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 1-35. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

X. Shi and D. Li. The movement of rock joint triggered by water diffusion. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 442-447. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

C. Shih and Y.-K. Wang and E. C. Ting. Behavior and analysis of deformable continuous media containing rigid discontinuity bodies. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 391-418. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

M. Shinji. Viscosity coefficient of the rockfall simulation. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 201-210. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

K. K. Shyu and C.-T. Chang and M. Reza Salami. Tunnel engineering applications using discontinuous deformation analysis with finite element mesh. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 218-237. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

H. Takeda and M. Kusabuka and N. Takeuchi and K. Sato. New finite elements for the analysis of progressive discontinuity problems based on the finite volume concepts. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

H. Takeda and M. Kusabuka and H. Tanaka and N. Kurokawa. Finite element method for contact problem and its application to sheild tunnel excavation analysis. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 432-441. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

N. Takeuchi and T. Kawai. Devlopment of discrete limit analysis and its application to the solid mechanics. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 383-390. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

C. P. Wang and J. Sheng and C.-Y. Wang and C. L. Lee. Selections of contact spring stiffness values in the numerical analysis for the system of rigid disks. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 451-458. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

C. Y. Wang and C.-F. Wang and J. Sheng. A packing generation scheme for the granular assemblies with 3Dellipsoidal particles. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 107-124. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

J. Yoshida. A static model of granular materials in a bin using distinct element analysis. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 359-364. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

G. X. Zhang and Y. Shugiura and H. Hasegawa. Crack propogation and thermal fracture analysis by manifold method. 1997. in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 282-291. Japan Institute of Systems Research, Kyoto, Japan.

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J. T. Kottenstette. DDA analysis of the RCC modification for Pueblo Dam. 1999. in ICADD-3: Third International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation---From theory to practice, pages 127-132. American Rock Mechanics Association.

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N. Bi'cani'c and C. Stirling. DDA analysis of the Couplet/Heyman Minimum Thickness Arch Problem. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 165-170. University of Glasgow.

G. Chen and K. Zen and Y. Ohnishi and K. Kasama. Extensions to Manifold Method and Its Application. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 439-450. University of Glasgow.

G. Couples and S. Bourlange and P. Bartolome and H. Lewis. Grain Cracking, Grain Sliding and Volumetric Strains in Deforming Sandstone --- DDA Simulations of the Behavior of Porous, Granular Materials. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 159-164. University of Glasgow.

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S. Diebels and W. Ehlers and T. Micheltisch. From disconinuous to Continuous Modelling of Granular Materials. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 251-260. University of Glasgow.

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K. Fresl. Domain Analysis for the Programming Library Meshless Methods in Fracturing Solids. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 171-192. University of Glasgow.

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L. Jendele and V. Cervenka and V. Saoma and R. Pukl. On the Choice between discrete or smeared approach in practical structural FE analyses of concrete structures. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 203-220. University of Glasgow.

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J. S. Lin and C. Y. Koo and J. C. Chern. A Simulation of the Process of Slope Failure. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 461-472. University of Glasgow.

J. S. Lin and R. M. Al-Zahrani. A Coupled DDA and Boundary Element Analysis. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 379-388. University of Glasgow.

M. Lu and B. Bostrom and G. Svano. Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation with Numerical Manifold Method. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 391-400. University of Glasgow.

M. M. MacLaughlin and R. D. Langston. Discrete Element Analysis of a Mine Stope in Blocky Rock: A comparison study of DDA and UDEC. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 111-120. University of Glasgow.

A. McBride and F. Scheele. Investigation of Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Using Physical Laboratory Models. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 73-82. University of Glasgow.

M. Miyata and T. Sugano and G. G. W. Mustoe M. Nakagawa. Study of Constant Force Distributions on the Bottom Plate of a Caisson resting on Rubble Rock Foundation. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 83-96. University of Glasgow.

A. Munjiza and J. P. Latham and N. W. M. John. Transient Motion of Irregular 3D Discrete Elements. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 23-34. University of Glasgow.

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Y. Ohnishi and H. Niida and M. Ryu and G. Xiurun. An Application of Key Block Analysis to Large Section Tunnel Excavation. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 357-366. University of Glasgow.

C. O'Sullivan and J. D. Bray. A Comparative Evaluation of Two Approaches to Discrete Element Modelling Particulate Media. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 97-110. University of Glasgow.

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D. P. Roberts. The Influence of Tunnel Shape on Damage and Fracture Propagation at Ultra Depth. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 35-46. University of Glasgow.

M. Rouainia and C. Pearce and N. Bi'cani'c. HYDRO-DDA Modelling of Fractured Mudrock Seals. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 413-424. University of Glasgow.

T. Sasaki and Y. Ohnishi. Analysis of the Discontinuous Rock Mass by four node iso-parametric Manifold Method. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 369-378. University of Glasgow.

E. J. Sellers. Modelling of Continuum to Discontinuum Transitions for Deep Level Mining. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 63-73. University of Glasgow.

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T. Shimauchi and N. Sakai and Y. Ohnishi. Fundamental Study of Mechanical Behaviors of Rockfalls by Imaging Analysis. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 473-482. University of Glasgow.

T. Sugano and M. Miyata and M. Nakagawa and G. G. W. Mustoe. Effects of Small Particles on the Shear Strength of a Particulate System of Binary Mixtures. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 49-356. University of Glasgow.

Y. Sun and S. Miki. A Study on Coupling Calculation of Manifold Method and Saturated-Unsaturated Flow Analysis. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 407-412. University of Glasgow.

H. S. Tien and S. G. Paikowsky. The Arching Mechanism on the Micro Level Utilizing Photoelastic Particles. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 317-336. University of Glasgow.

J. van Mier and G. Lilliu. Three Dimensional Lattice Model for Fracture Analysis of Particle Composites. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 121-134. University of Glasgow.

G. X. Wang and W. Shiulin and Z. Guang and G. Xiurun. Two Extensions to Key Theory. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 367-368. University of Glasgow.

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J. R. Williams and E. Perkins and B. Cook and D. Preece. An Educational Simulator for Multibody Physics. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 473-494. University of Glasgow.

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G. X. Zhang and X. F. Wu and Y. Sugiura and H. Hasegawa. Coupled Hydro-mechanical Analysis of Jointed Rock Masses by Manifold Method. 2001. in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 425. University of Glasgow.

E. Rocamora Alverez. Some approaches on the prediction of hillsides stability in karstic massif. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 101-106. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

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H. I. Jang and C. I. Lee. Development of a three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis technique and its application to toppling failure. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 225-230. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

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O. Katz and Z. Reches. Pre-failure damage, time-dependent creep and strength variations of a brittle granite. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 189-194. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

D. Kumar and S. K. Das. Experimental investigations into floor bearing strength of jointed and layered rock mass. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 87-94. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

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J. P. Morris and L. A. Glenn and F. E. Heuz'e and S. C. Blair. Simulations of underground structures subjected to dynamic loading using the distinct element method. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 121-124. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

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N. L. Ninis and A. K. Kakaliagos and H. Mouzakis and P. Carydis. Numerical simulation of shear sliding effects at the connecting interface of two megalithic column drums. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 145-152. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

N. L. Ninis and S. K. Kourkourlis. On determining appropriate parameters of mechanical strength for numeric simulation of building stones. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 153-164. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

Y.-N. Oh and D.-S. Jeng and S. Chen and L.-K. Chien. A parametric study using discontinuous deformation analysis to model wave-induced seabed response. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 113-120. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

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T. Scheldt and M. Lu and A. Myrvang. Numerical analysis of Gj/ovik cavern: a comparison of continuous and discontinuous results by using Phase$^2$ and DDA. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 125-132. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

G.-H. Shi. Single and multiple block limit equilibrium of key block method and discontinuous deformation analysis. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 3-46. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

J. Sulem and V. de Gennaro and M. Cerrolazo. Continuum models with microstructure for discontinuous rock mass. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 215-224. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

M. Tsesarsky and Y. H. Hatzor and N. Sitar. Dynamic block displacement prediction --- validation of DDA using analytical solutions and shaking table experiments. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 195-206. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.

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Y. Zaslavsky and A. Shapira and A. A. Arzi. Earthquake site response on hard rock --- empirical study. 2002. in Stability of Rock Structures---Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, pages 133-144. A. A. Balkema, Abingdon.